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Diphenhydramine

苯海拉明

Mechanism of action:

Diphenhydramine 是一種第一代抗組織胺分子(first-generation antihistamine),屬於乙醇胺類(ethanolamine)衍生物。在內耳前庭系統(vestibular apparatus)與其相關的中樞神經路徑,若 histaminergic 神經元釋放組織胺(histamine),可透過活化這些區域的 H₁ 受體,進一步刺激腦幹的嘔吐中樞(vomiting center)。Diphenhydramine 能可逆性阻斷組織胺與 H₁ 受體的結合,抑制由組織胺引發的神經訊號傳遞。Diphenhydramine 也能拮抗毒蕈鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體(muscarinic acetylcholine receptors),M₁ 受體,在前庭系統與延腦嘔吐中樞之間,乙醯膽鹼是主要的傳導物質之一。

​Reference(s):

1. Raphael GD et al. (2006). Efficacy of diphenhydramine vs desloratadine and placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 


2. Abdi A et al. (2014). Diphenhydramine overdose with intraventricular conduction delay treated with hypertonic sodium bicarbonate and i.v. lipid emulsion. West J Emerg Med.

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