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What Tyrannosaurus Hatchlings Reveal about the Evolution of Dinosaur Reproduction


Tyrannosauridae was one of the most iconic groups of large predatory dinosaurs of the Late Cretaceous. Its members were characterized by enormous skulls, short forelimbs, and elongate hindlimbs. The most famous among them was Tyrannosaurus rex, one of the largest terrestrial predators in Earth’s history.


Although tyrannosaurid evolution, growth, biomechanics, and feeding behavior have been extensively studied, much less is known about their reproduction and early development. One major reason may be that the bones of embryos and newly hatched individuals are extremely small. Such remains are not only difficult to preserve, but can also be easily overlooked during field excavation. As a result, confirmed hatchling tyrannosaurid fossils remain exceptionally rare.


To better understand the early life history of tyrannosaurs, researchers reexamined small bones and teeth preserved in museum collections. These specimens provide new information about the body size, development, and reproductive biology of hatchling tyrannosaurs.


Third Metatarsal of a Hatchling Tyrannosaurus rex(Image source:Longrich, N. R et al. (2026)., CC BY 4.0 。)
Third Metatarsal of a Hatchling Tyrannosaurus rex(Image source:Longrich, N. R et al. (2026)., CC BY 4.0 。)

The material analyzed in the study primarily consisted of skeletal remains from several young tyrannosaurs, including portions of the lower jaw, teeth, and third metatarsals. The researchers also examined a third metatarsal belonging to a young Gorgosaurus libratus.

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