The Sound of Evolution
Clomiphene
Mechanism of action:
Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mainly acts on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis). Clomiphene binds to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and blocks the action of endogenous estrogen. Once estrogen is blocked, the hypothalamus increases the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release more follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Reference(s):
1. Purvin VA et al. (1995). Visual disturbance secondary to clomiphene citrate. Arch Ophthalmol.
2. Hayon T et al. (2003). Multifactorial activities of nonsteroidal antiestrogens against leukemia. Cancer Detect Prev.
3. Fritz MA et al. (1991). Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor induction in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol.