Dextroamphetamine

Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant and the dextrorotatory (d-) enantiomer of amphetamine. At presynaptic nerve terminals, dextroamphetamine enters neurons through transporters such as the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT). It is then transported into synaptic vesicles by VMAT2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2), where it disrupts the vesicular proton gradient and causes norepinephrine and dopamine to leak into the cytoplasm. These neurotransmitters are then released into the synaptic cleft through reverse transport via NET and DAT. As a result, dextroamphetamine increases central norepinephrine and dopamine activity, which is associated with enhanced alertness and may also lead to mood changes.