The Sound of Evolution
Estradiol
Mechanism of action:
Estradiol is the most biologically active form of estrogen in the human body, specifically 17β-estradiol, and is a steroid hormone. Estradiol freely crosses the cell membrane and binds to intracellular estrogen receptor ERα or ERβ. After forming a ligand-receptor complex, it enters the nucleus and binds to estrogen response elements on DNA, regulating the transcription of specific genes. It is involved in physiological regulation related to endometrial proliferation, ovarian function, menstrual cycle control, and mammary gland development.
Reference(s):
1. Pentikainen V et al. (2000). Estradiol acts as a germ cell survival factor in the human testis in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
2. Sharpe RM et al. (1993). Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? Lancet.
3. Raman JD et al. (2002). Aromatase inhibitors for male infertility. J Urol.