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Clonidine

可樂定

Mechanism of action:

Clonidine 是一種咪唑啉（imidazoline）衍生物。Clonidine 可穿過血腦障壁，在延腦的血管運動中樞（vasomotor center）選擇性刺激 α₂-腎上腺素受體，抑制正腎上腺素（norepinephrine）的釋放，降低中樞交感神經輸出，使心跳減慢、心輸出量下降、外週血管阻力降低，最終導致血壓下降。Clonidine 也作用於延腦內的咪唑啉 I₁ 受體（imidazoline I₁ receptor），這同樣能抑制交感神經活性，使血壓降低。

​Reference(s):

1. Hossmann V et al. (1980). Sedative and cardiovascular effects of clonidine and nitrazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 


2. Khan ZP et al. (1999). Alpha-2 and imidazoline receptor agonists: Their pharmacology and therapeutic role. Anaesthesia. 


3. Sjoberg RJ et al. (1992). The clonidine suppression test for pheochromocytoma: A review of its utility and pitfalls. Arch Intern Med.

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