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Dextroamphetamine

右旋安非他命

Mechanism of action:

Dextroamphetamine 是一種中樞神經興奮劑(central nervous system stimulant),屬於安非他命的 右旋(d-) 對映異構體,具右旋光性。當 dextroamphetamine 在突觸前神經末梢,會透過正腎上腺素轉運蛋白(NET,norepinephrine transporter) 與多巴胺轉運蛋白(DAT,dopamine transporter)等方式進入到神經細胞內,並進一步藉由 VMAT2(vesicular monoamine transporter 2)轉運蛋白進入突觸小泡,並干擾小泡內的質子梯度,使正腎上腺素與多巴胺從小泡洩漏到細胞質中。這些神經傳導物質接著經由正腎上腺素轉運蛋白與多巴胺轉運蛋白的逆向運作(reverse transport)釋放到突觸間隙,因此增加中樞神經內正腎上腺素與多巴胺的活性,與警覺性提升相關,亦可能出現情緒變化。

​Reference(s):

1. de la Torre R et al. (2004). Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices. Clin Pharmacokinet. 


2. Saunders C et al. (2015). Insights in how amphetamine ROCKs (Rho-associated containing kinase) membrane protein trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.

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