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The Sound of Evolution
Nicorandil
尼可地爾
Mechanism of action:
Nicorandil 同時具有一氧化氮血管擴張作用與增加鉀離子通道活性（potassium channel opener）的雙重機制。Nicorandil 的分子一端具有硝酸酯結構，能在血管平滑肌中釋放一氧化氮，活化鳥苷酸環化酶（guanylyl cyclase），增加 cGMP，使平滑肌放鬆，血管擴張。Nicorandil 的另一端能開啟 ATP-敏感性鉀離子通道（ATP-sensitive potassium channel），使鉀離子外流，引起細胞膜超極化（hyperpolarization），鈣離子通道關閉，鈣離子進入減少，血管平滑肌放鬆。
Reference(s):
1. Kukovetz WR et al. (1992). Molecular mechanism of action of nicorandil. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol.
2. Russ U et al. (2003). Binding and effect of K ATP channel openers in the absence of Mg²⁺. Br J Pharmacol.
3. Yamada M et al. (2004). The nucleotide-binding domains of sulfonylurea receptor 2A and 2B play different functional roles in nicorandil-induced activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Mol Pharmacol.
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