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Caffeine

咖啡因
Mechanism of action:
Caffeine 是一種甲基黃嘌呤類(methylxanthine)化合物。腺苷(adenosine)在中樞神經系統中結合腺苷受體,可抑制神經活性、促進睡眠與血管擴張。Caffeine 能競爭性阻斷腺苷 A₁ 與 A₂A 受體,使腺苷無法發揮抑制作用。這使神經元產生動作電位的次數提升,同時也增加釋放各種神經傳導物質,如多巴胺(dopamine)、正腎上腺素(norepinephrine)、乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine),使神經維持興奮狀態。
Reference(s):
1. Nehlig A et al. (1992). Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Brain Res Rev.
2. Ding R et al. (2012). Xanthines down-regulate the drug transporter ABCG2 and reverse multidrug resistance. Mol Pharmacol.
3. Kole J et al. (2013). Caffeine content labeling: A missed opportunity for promoting personal and public health. J Caffeine Res.
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