Carvedilol

卡維地洛
Mechanism of action:
Carvedilol 是一種非選擇性 β 受體阻斷劑,同時兼具 α₁ 受體拮抗作用,屬於第三代 β 阻斷劑(non-selective β + α₁ blocker)。Carvedilol 能阻斷心臟的 β₁ 受體,降低心搏率、心肌收縮力,減少心肌耗氧量、抑制心臟重塑(remodeling);另外可阻斷支氣管的 β₂ 受體,因此可能影響支氣管張力。但因為 carvedilol 可阻斷血管平滑肌 α₁ 受體,抑制正腎上腺素(norepinephrine)引起的血管收縮,導致擴張。其中 α₁ 受體受到的作用大於 β₂ 受體,綜合之下造成外週血管擴張,降低血壓與減少心臟前後負荷。
Reference(s):
1. Vanderhoff BT et al. (1998). Carvedilol: the new role of beta blockers in congestive heart failure. Am Fam Physician.
2. Oldham HG et al. (1997). In vitro identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of R(+)- and S(-)-carvedilol. Drug Metab Dispos.
3. Takekuma Y et al. (2012). Mutual inhibition between carvedilol enantiomers during racemate glucuronidation mediated by human liver and intestinal microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull.
