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Corticotropin

促皮質素

Mechanism of action:

Corticotropin 是一種由腦下垂體前葉分泌的多肽激素(pituitary peptide hormone),作用於腎上腺皮質細胞表面的第二型黑素皮質素受體(melanocortin type 2 receptor,MC2R)。此受體為 Gs 蛋白偶聯受體(Gs protein-coupled receptor ),當 corticotropin 與第二型黑素皮質素受體結合後,活化腺苷酸環化酶(adenylate cyclase),增加 cAMP 濃度,之後活化蛋白激酶 A(PKA),促進膽固醇向粒線體內運輸,藉由位於粒線體的膽固醇側鏈解離酶(cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme,CYP11A1)將膽固醇轉化為孕烯醇酮(pregnenolone)。透過上述的路徑,刺激腎上腺皮質的束狀區(zona fasciculata)分泌皮質醇(cortisol),達到提升糖質新生、增加血糖與血壓,並產生全身性的抗發炎與免疫調節效應。

​Reference(s):

1. Johnston H et al. (2007). Effects of ACTH and expression of the melanocortin-2 receptor in the neonatal mouse testis. Reproduction. 


2. Carey LC et al. (2006). Infusion of ACTH stimulates expression of adrenal ACTH receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.

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