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Memantine

美金剛胺

Mechanism of action:

Memantine 是一種 NMDA 受體拮抗劑（NMDA receptor antagonist）。Memantine 會結合於 NMDA 受體的離子通道內部，但不會與麩胺酸（glutamate）或甘胺酸（glycine）競爭同一結合位點。在阿茲海默症中，慢性、低濃度但持續存在的麩胺酸會造成 NMDA 受體異常活化，導致鈣離子持續進入神經元，引發粒線體功能障礙、氧化壓力上升、神經元損傷與死亡。Memantine 則可選擇性阻斷這種病理性鈣離子內流。

​Reference(s):

1. Cacabelos R et al. (1999). The glutamatergic system and neurodegeneration in dementia: preventive strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 


2. Rogawski MA et al. (2003). The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev. 


3. Robinson DM et al. (2006). Memantine: a review of its use in Alzheimer's disease. Drugs.

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