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The Sound of Evolution
Metoclopramide
甲氧氯普胺
Mechanism of action:
Metoclopramide 是一種多巴胺 D₂ 受體拮抗劑（dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist）。Metoclopramide 可通過血腦障壁，阻斷延腦化學感受器觸發區（chemoreceptor trigger zone）中的多巴胺 D₂ 受體，抑制多巴胺介導的嘔吐反射訊號傳遞。在腸胃道中，metoclopramide 阻斷抑制乙醯膽鹼釋放的 D₂ 受體，使副交感神經的乙醯膽鹼釋放增加，與增加腸胃蠕動有關。
Reference(s):
1. Tonini M et al. (1995). Therapeutic potential of drugs with mixed 5-HT4 agonist/5-HT3 antagonist action in the control of emesis. Pharmacol Res.
2. Lee A et al. (2010). Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab.
3. van der Meer YG et al. (2014). Should we stop prescribing metoclopramide as a prokinetic drug in critically ill patients? Crit Care.
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