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Morphine

嗎啡
Mechanism of action:
Morphine 是一種鴉片類藥物(opioid)。Morphine 能結合於 μ-阿片受體(μ-opioid receptor),啟動 Gi/o 蛋白,抑制腺苷酸環化酶(adenylyl cyclase),降低 cAMP,抑制突觸前的電壓門控鈣離子通道(voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel),阻止鈣離子內流,減少麩胺酸(glutamate)、P 物質(substance P) 等疼痛相關神經傳導物質的釋放;同時,活化突觸後的鉀離子通道(K⁺ channel),促進鉀離子外流,導致神經元超極化(hyperpolarization)。
Reference(s):
1. Pacifici GM et al. (2016). Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of morphine in neonates: A review. Clinics (Sao Paulo).
2. Kim J et al. (2016). Brain Reward Circuits in Morphine Addiction. Mol Cells.
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