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Nicotine

菸鹼
Mechanism of action:
Nicotine 是一種菸草生物鹼(tobacco alkaloid)衍生物。Nicotine 主要作用於菸鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors)。Nicotine 模擬乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine),與 菸鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體結合後使鈉離子與鈣離子進入神經元,導致神經元膜去極化(depolarization)。Nicotine 會促進多種神經傳導物質釋放,包括多巴胺(dopamine)、正腎上腺素(norepinephrine)、乙醯膽鹼、血清素(5-HT)、麩胺酸(glutamate)、內啡肽(endorphins)等。長期接觸 nicotine 反而會使菸鹼型乙醯膽鹼受體表達量增加。
Reference(s):
1. Nolley EP et al. (2007). Adolescent reward system perseveration due to nicotine: studies with methylphenidate. Neurotoxicol Teratol.
2. de Leon J et al. (2002). Schizophrenia and tobacco smoking: a replication study in another US psychiatric hospital. Schizophr Res.
3. de Leon J et al. (1995). Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital. Am J Psychiatry.
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