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Sulfamethoxazole

磺胺甲噁唑

Mechanism of action:

Sulfamethoxazole 是一種磺胺類抗生素（sulfonamide antibiotic）。Sulfamethoxazole 在結構上類似對胺基苯甲酸（PABA），而對胺基苯甲酸是細菌合成葉酸所必需的前驅物。Sulfamethoxazole 與對胺基苯甲酸競爭結合二氫蝶酸合成酶（dihydropteroate synthase），阻斷二氫葉酸（dihydrofolic acid）的生成，最後導致細菌的核酸合成受阻。

​Reference(s):

1. Kazanjian P et al. (1998). Pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in AIDS patients. AIDS. 


2. Khalil I et al. (2003). Dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genotypes associated with in vitro resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, sulfadoxine, and sulfamethoxazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 


3. Yun MK et al. (2012). Catalysis and sulfa drug resistance in dihydropteroate synthase. Science.

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