Tramadol

曲馬多
Mechanism of action:
Tramadol 是一種弱鴉片類止痛藥(weak opioid analgesic)。Tramadol 及其活性代謝物 O-desmethyltramadol 可輕微作用於中樞神經系統的 μ-阿片受體(μ-opioid receptor),透過 Gi/o 蛋白抑制腺苷酸環化酶(adenylyl cyclase),使 cAMP 生成下降,進而抑制突觸前的電壓門控鈣離子通道(voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel),使鈣離子無法進入細胞內,減少麩胺酸(glutamate)、P 物質(substance P)等疼痛相關神經傳導物質釋放,降低痛覺訊號傳遞;此外也活化突觸後的鉀離子通道(potassium channel),使神經元膜電位超極化(hyperpolarization),降低神經元放電機率。Tramadol 同時能抑制正腎上腺素轉運蛋白(norepinephrine transporter)與血清素轉運蛋白(serotonin transporter),使突觸間隙的正腎上腺素(norepinephrine)與血清素(serotonin)濃度上升,增強這兩個神經傳導物質的作用。
Reference(s):
1. Dayer P et al. (1997). [Pharmacology of tramadol]. Drugs.
2. Harati Y et al. (1998). Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology.
3. Harati Y et al. (2000). Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications.
