Suckermouth catfish（圖片來源：Raphaël Covain, Natural History Museum of Geneva，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） The suckermouth catfish ( Hypostomus plecostomus ), commonly referred to as a “janitor fish” or “algae-eater”, belongs to the family Loricariidae. A defining feature of this species is the presence of hard bony plates covering the head and dorsal surface, while the abdomen remains soft and unarmored. In the wild, adults can exceed 50 cm in length and typically live for about 8 year

Amazon sailfin catfish（圖片來源：Ildar Sagdejev，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） The Amazon sailfin catfish ( Pterygoplichthys pardalis ), together with species such as the suckermouth catfish ( Hypostomus plecostomus ), is often referred to as “janitor fish” or “pleco” in the aquarium trade. This species is native to the Amazon River basin of South America, particularly in countries such as Brazil and Peru. It typically inhabits slow-moving rivers and tributaries where submerged logs, rocks

Blue lyretail, male（圖片來源：Tommy Kronkvist，採用  CC BY-SA 3.0  授權） Blue lyretail ( Fundulopanchax gardneri ) is a species of killifish native to freshwater environments in Nigeria and Cameroon in West Africa. In the wild, it mainly occurs in tributaries and wetlands connected to the Benue River and the Cross River, inhabiting both forested and savanna regions. These aquatic habitats are often highly variable. Some retain water year-round, whereas others may dry out completely dur

Agassiz's dwarf cichlid（圖片來源：Britzke，採用  CC BY-NC-ND 4.0  授權） The Agassiz's dwarf cichlid ( Apistogramma agassizii ) is native to the Marañón and Ucayali Rivers in Peru. From these rivers it spreads along numerous tributaries throughout the Amazon lowlands of Brazil, with its distribution extending even toward river systems near the Atlantic estuary. One of the most fascinating aspects of this species is the remarkable breadth of its geographic range and the striking diversit

Harlequin rasbora（圖片來源：NasserHalaweh，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） The harlequin rasbora ( Trigonostigma heteromorpha ) was first introduced into the aquarium trade in the early twentieth century. Owing to its distinctive appearance and lively schooling behavior, it quickly became a favorite among aquarium enthusiasts. In 1935, the species even appeared on the cover of the well-known aquarium reference book Exotic Aquarium Fishes . The body coloration of the harlequin rasbora ranges

Ocellaris clownfish（圖片來源：Nhobgood Nick Hobgood，採用  CC BY-SA 3.0  授權） Clownfish include species belonging to the genera Amphiprion  and Premnas . The most commonly kept species is the ocellaris clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris . Owing to the popularity of the animated film "Finding Nemo", this species has become widely recognized around the world. It belongs to the damselfish family Pomacentridae and typically reaches a body length of 9–11 cm. Females are usually larger than ma

Senegal bichir（ Polypterus senegalus ）（圖片來源：ictheostega，採用   CC BY 4.0   授權。） The Senegal bichir ( Polypterus senegalus ) is a member of the family Polypteridae within the order Polypteriformes of the class Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes). It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its highly primitive appearance and body structure that differs markedly from most modern teleost fishes, it is often called a “dinosaur fish” in the aquarium mar

Teugelsi bichir（ Polypterus teugelsi ）。（圖片來源：Ooi Hong Liang ，採用  CC BY-NC 4.0  授權。） The Teugelsi bichir ( Polypterus teugelsi ) is a member of the class Actinopterygii, order Polypteriformes, and family Polypteridae. It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its strongly primitive appearance and body structure that differs markedly from most other bony fishes, it is widely marketed as a “dinosaur fish.” In Chinese-speaking aquarium markets

Mottled bichir（ Polypterus weeksii ）。（圖片來源：Stan Shebs，採用  CC BY-SA 3.0  授權。） The mottled bichir ( Polypterus weeksii ) is a member of the class Actinopterygii, order Polypteriformes, and family Polypteridae. It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its highly primitive appearance and body structure that differs markedly from most other bony fishes, it is often referred to in the aquarium market as a “dinosaur fish.” In Chinese-speaking mar

Shortfin bichir（ Polypterus palmas ）（圖片來源： Lymantria ，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權。） The shortfin bichir ( Polypterus palmas ) is a member of the family Polypteridae within the class Actinopterygii. It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its primitive appearance and anatomical features that differ markedly from those of most modern bony fishes, it is widely referred to in the aquarium hobby as a "dinosaur fish." In Chinese-speaking markets it is

Polypterus bichir （圖片來源：Matthew Inabinett，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權。 Polypterus bichir belongs to the class Actinopterygii, order Polypteriformes, and family Polypteridae. It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its highly primitive appearance and body structure that differs markedly from most other bony fishes, it is widely known in the aquarium market as a “dinosaur fish.” In Chinese-speaking markets it is commonly called the Nile dinosaur bic

West African bichir（  Polypterus retropinnis ）。（圖片來源：Ooi Hong Liang，採用   CC BY-NC 4.0  授權 。） Polypterus retropinnis is a member of the class Actinopterygii, order Polypteriformes, and family Polypteridae. It is a predatory fish commonly encountered in the aquarium trade. Because of its primitive appearance and body structure that differs markedly from most other bony fishes, it is widely referred to as a “dinosaur fish.” In Chinese-speaking markets it is commonly known as th

Lumpfish（圖片來源：Michael Verdirame，採用  CC BY-NC 4.0  授權） The lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus ) is a cold-water marine fish widely distributed in the North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic waters. It belongs to the order Perciformes. The body is rounded and thick, covered with granular protrusions and hard tubercles. The skin is thick and lacks scales, giving it a rough texture. One of its most distinctive features is a suction disc derived from the pelvic fins, allowing the fish to at

Palette tang（圖片來源：Tewy，採用  CC BY 2.5  授權） The palette tang ( Paracanthurus hepatus ) is a well-known member of the surgeonfish family Acanthuridae found across coral reefs from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific. Its body displays a vivid royal blue coloration that contrasts sharply with the bright yellow tail fin. Along the dorsal region runs a distinctive black pattern shaped like an artist's palette. Adult individuals can reach approximately 30 cm in length and weigh

Yellow tang（圖片來源：Luc Viatour，採用  CC BY-SA 3.0  授權） The yellow tang ( Zebrasoma flavescens ) is a tropical reef fish of the Pacific Ocean. Its body is vividly colored, appearing almost entirely lemon yellow, which makes it highly conspicuous among clear seawater and coral formations. Because of this striking appearance, it has become one of the most popular species among marine aquarium enthusiasts. The species was first formally described in 1828 by the British naturalist Edw

Emperor angelfish, adult（圖片來源：Diego Delso，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） The emperor angelfish ( Pomacanthus imperator ) is a marine fish widely distributed across coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Its range extends from the Red Sea and the coasts of East Africa eastward to the Hawaiian Islands, New Caledonia, and the archipelagos of French Polynesia. Individuals are occasionally recorded in the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean, usually forming populations that originate

Flame angelfish（圖片來源：Andreas März from Darmstadt, Germany，採用  CC BY 2.0  授權） Centropyge loricula , commonly known as the Flame angelfish, belongs to the family Pomacanthidae. It is a small yet strikingly colorful marine ornamental fish, typically reaching a length of about 12–15 cm. The body coloration ranges from fiery red to orange-red, usually marked by four to six vertical black bars along the sides. The margins of the dorsal and anal fins are decorated with fine alternat

Six-line wrasse（圖片來源：Brian Gratwicke，採用  CC BY 2.0  授權） The six-line wrasse ( Pseudocheilinus hexataenia ) is a small member of the wrasse family (Labridae) native to tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. Its distribution extends from the Red Sea and the eastern coast of Africa across the Indian Ocean and into the Pacific, reaching as far as the Tuamotu Archipelago in the South Pacific. The species occupies a very wide geographic range. In Australian waters it can be found fro

Cherry shrimp（圖片來源：TonyZimbinski，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） The cherry shrimp ( Neocaridina davidi ) is a widely kept ornamental freshwater shrimp. It is native to rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds across Taiwan, eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and Vietnam. In natural habitats, these shrimp typically inhabit the bottom layers of the water and live in groups, often gathering among aquatic plants, fallen leaves, and gravel substrates. Wild individuals usually display a mottled

Bubble-tip anemone（圖片來源：Diego Delso，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Bubble-tip anemone ( Entacmaea quadricolor ) is a member of the family Actiniidae and is widely distributed across tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the Red Sea to the Great Barrier Reef. The most recognizable feature of this species is the bulbous swelling at the tips of its tentacles, which resembles small bubbles. However, not every individual develops these bubble-like tips. Light intensity, water f