Paleontology Database

Allosaurus fragilis （image source：Fred Wierum，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Tithonian） 150 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom：Animalia Phylum： Chordata Class：Reptilia Order：Saurischia Family：Allosauridae Genus： Allosaurus Species： Allosaurus fragilis Morphological description Allosaurus fragilis is a large theropod dinosaur characterized by relatively short forelimbs and long hindlimbs. However, compared to most later large theropods, its forelimbs are proportionally more developed. O

Facial reconstruction of Australopithecus afarensis （圖片來源：Cicero Moraes，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權） Age Neogene, Pliocene（Zanclean-Piacenzian） 3.7-3 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Australopithecus Species: Australopithecus afarensis Morphological description Australopithecus afarensis  had a lower body already well adapted for bipedal walking, whereas the upper body still retained many features suited to climbing

Reconstruction of Ceratosaurus nasicornis （圖片來源：Oleg Kuznetsov，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Oxfordian-Tithonian） 161.2-145 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Family: Ceratosauridae Genus: Ceratosaurus Species: Ceratosaurus nasicornis Morphological description Ceratosaurus nasicornis  was a relatively slender ceratosaurian theropod characterized most prominently by horn-like projec

Reconstruction of Dilong paradoxus （圖片來源：Conty，採用  CC BY 3.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（Valanginian-Barremian） 139-128 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Clade: Coelurosauria Superfamily: Tyrannosauroidea Clade: Pantyrannosauria Genus: Dilong Species: Dilong paradoxus Morphological description Dilong paradoxus  was a small, slender basal tyrannosauroid theropod. Known specimens indicate a body

Reconstruction of of Megatherium americanum （感謝 Gabriel Ugueto 提供） Age Quaternary（Chibanian-Greenlandian） 0.4-0.008 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Pilosa Family: Megatheriidae Genus: Megatherium Species: Megatherium americanum Morphological description Megatherium americanum , the giant ground sloth of the Americas, represents one of the largest members of the order Pilosa, with an estimated body mass of approximately 4 tonnes and a body

Reconstruction of Ankylosaurus magniventris （圖片來源：DataBase Center for Life Science，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（Maastrichtian） 68-66 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Ornithischia Family: Ankylosauridae Subfamily: Ankylosaurinae Genus: Ankylosaurus Species: Ankylosaurus magniventris Morphological description Ankylosaurus magniventris  was a heavily built, low-slung, and broad-bodied ankylosaurid dinosaur. It wa

Reconstruction of Liopleurodon ferox （圖片來源：DiBgd，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Callovian-Kimmeridgian） 166-155 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Plesiosauria Family: Pliosauridae Clade: Thalassophonea Genus: Liopleurodon Species: Liopleurodon ferox Morphological description Liopleurodon ferox  is a pliosaurid (Pliosauridae) short-necked plesiosaur characterized by a reduced cervical region, a robust trunk, and limbs fully modified in

Reconstruction of Mosasaurus hoffmannii （圖片來源：UnexpectedDinoLesson，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（Campanian-Maastrichtian） 82.7-66.0 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Squamata Superfamily: Mosasauroidea Family: Mosasauridae Subfamily: Mosasaurinae Genus: Mosasaurus Species: Mosasaurus hoffmannii Morphological description Mosasaurus hoffmannii  was an exceptionally large marine squamate from the Late Cretaceous, with adults reaching app

Restoration of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus （圖片來源：paleoalberca，採用  CC BY-NC-SA 3.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Hettangian-Sinemurian） 201- 190 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Ornithischia Clade: Genasauria Genus: Lesothosaurus Species: Lesothosaurus diagnosticus Morphological description Lesothosaurus diagnosticus  was a small to medium-sized early ornithischian dinosaur. Known specimens range from nearly 1 metre in body leng

Reconstructed skeletal model of Tapejara wellnhoferi （圖片來源：Chatterjee S and Templin RJ. (2013)，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（Aptian-Albian） 112 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Pterosauria Family: Tapejaridae Genus: Tapejara Species: Tapejara wellnhoferi Morphological description Tapejara wellnhoferi  was a pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil, distinguished by an extremely exaggerated cranial crest in proportion to the rest

Reconstruction of Brachiosaurus altithorax （圖片來源：Charles Nye，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Kimmeridgian-Tithonian） 154-150 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Sauropodomorpha Family: Brachiosauridae Genus: Brachiosaurus Species: Brachiosaurus altithorax Morphological description Brachiosaurus altithorax  was an enormous brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur. Although its holotype specimen (FMNH P 25107)

Reconstruction of Caihong juji （圖片來源：Lucas-Attwell，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Jurassic（Oxfordian） 161.5-154.8 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Superorder: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Clade: Paraves Infraorder: Deinonychosauria Genus: Caihong Species: Caihong juji Morphological description Caihong juji  is a paravian theropod dinosaur. Its holotype (PMoL-B00175) represents an adult individual, with an estimated total skeletal

Reconstruction of Navaornis hestiae （image source：TotalDino，採用  CC BY 4.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（ Late Cretaceous ） 85 - 75 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom：Animalia Phylum：Chordata Class：Sauropsida Order：Saurischia Genus： Navaornis Species： Navaornis hestiae Morphological description Navaornis hestiae possesses a toothless skull in which the premaxillae are fully fused into a single element with a convex dorsorostral surface. The jugal is strongly curved, while the quadratojugal is small a

Reconstruction of Endennasaurus acutirostris （圖片來源：Ghedo，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Triassic（Norian） 227–208.5 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Thalattosauria Family: Endennasauridae Genus: Endennasaurus Species: Endennasaurus acutirostris Morphological description Endennasaurus acutirostris  was a Triassic marine reptile of modest size, reaching an estimated total length of about 1.1 m when complete, with the tail making up at least thre

Reconstruction of Pappochelys rosinae （圖片來源：Rainer Schoch，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Triassic（Ladinian） 240 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Pantestudines Genus: Pappochelys Species: Pappochelys rosinae Morphological description Pappochelys rosinae was a small stem-turtle, with an estimated adult total length of less than about 20 cm. Its overall body outline had already shifted clearly toward the turtle body plan, but it still lacked a

Reconstruction of Tanystropheus hydroides （圖片來源：Nix Illustration，採用  CC BY-NC 4.0  授權） Age Triassic（Anisian-Ladinian） 247–237 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Protorosauria Family: Tanystropheidae Genus: Tanystropheus Species: Tanystropheus hydroides Morphological description Tanystropheus hydroides  is a large-bodied member of the genus, with an estimated total length exceeding 5 meters. It is characterized by an extremely elongated nec

Reconstruction of Feitianius paradisi （image source：Luxquine，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Cretaceous（Aptian） 122 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom：Animalia Phylum：Chordata Class：Sauropsida Order：Saurischia Genus： Feitianius Species： Feitianius paradisi Morphological description Feitianius paradisi is a small enantiornithine bird, with a femur length of 27 mm, indicating a very small body size. The pygostyle is well developed, featuring a craniodorsal fork, ventrolateral processes, and a dist

AI-generated reconstruction of Hindeodus parvus , manually verified to match the currently accepted morphology Age Triassic（Induan） 252.2–251.2 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Conodonta Order: Ozarkodinida Family: Anchignathodontidae Genus: Hindeodus Species: Hindeodus parvus Morphological description Hindeodus parvus is a conodont animal whose feeding apparatus is composed of multiple tooth-like elements. Fossil evidence reveals six element types, tota

Fossilized branches and cones of Araucaria mirabilis （圖片來源：Xvazquez，採用  CC BY-SA 3.0 授權） Age Jurassic（Late Jurassic） 160 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Araucariaceae Genus: Araucaria Species: Araucaria mirabilis Morphological description Araucaria mirabilis  was an exceptionally tall conifer. Fossilized trunks indicate diameters reaching up to 3.5 meters, with estimated living heights exceeding 100 meters. The plant als

Holotype specimen of Dennstaedtia christophelii （圖片來源：Kevmin，採用  CC BY-SA 4.0  授權） Age Paleogene（Ypresian） 50 Ma Taxonomy Kingdom: Plantae Class: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Dennstaedtiaceae Genus: Dennstaedtia Species: Dennstaedtia christophelii Morphological description Dennstaedtia christophelii  is currently known only from fossilized fronds, and thus the morphology of its roots, stems, and reproductive structures beyond the preserved sori remains unknown.